Designing Effective Applications: Lessons from Instructional Design

Chairperson
Chris Dede, Graduate School of Education, George Mason University

STATEMENT OF THE SUBJECT
Instructional design is moving beyond passive, presentational, assimilative strategies for teaching and learning. New models for pedagogy stress active, collaborative, contextualized learning experiences; these learner-centered strategies are based on authentic real world problems and guided by expert coaches and facilitators. Emerging information technologies empower these innovative instructional design models via such capabilities as case-based reasoning webs, shared synthetic environments, and virtual communities. Understanding how to use these new media to increase the effectiveness of consumer health information is vital to the evolution of this field.

KEY ISSUES, INCLUDING THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
Exploratory studies of how to adapt the pedagogies, described above, for health education are needed. Crucial technologies include hypermedia (such as the World Wide Web),distributed simulation, virtual reality, and telepresence (via telecommunications, communicating both cognitive and affective interactions across barriers of distance and time). The research agenda for consumer health applications should alter to reflect the availability of these new delivery methods.

ROLES, RESPONSIBLITIES, AND PRIORITIES OF KEY SECTORS
Developers of consumer health information services should master these new media and incorporate them into conventional approaches to design and delivery. The emphasis should not be on automating traditional instructional models using new technologies, but rather on exploring the potential utility of alternative pedagogical strategies. Researchers should study the effectiveness of these learner-centered pedagogies in changing the mental models and the behaviors of the public. Formative evaluation is central, as is research on the strengths and limits of new media for various aspects of health education. The public and private sectors should alter their research agendas to emphasize exploratory studies of these new media.

NEXT STEPS
Designers, researchers, and funders concerned with health education should become familiar with ongoing work on learner-centered design strategies and innovative delivery media. Applications of these new media in fields other than consumer health information services should be studied to determine their potential transferability to this domain. Pilot studies using these new media and pedagogies should be funded. New models for formative and summative evaluation of learner-centered health applications should be developed.

Chris Dede
cdede@gmu.edu
URL: www.virtual.gmu.edu

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